Sojaflits 1 / Soybean News Flash 1
PROTEIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION — 2026-07-15- Evalueer die pas afgelope seisoen op beide die sojaboonland en die land waarop die komende seisoen sojabone geplant gaan word. Waarna veral opgelet behoort te word sluit in:
- swak kolle, stel vas waarom dit swak is en hoe kan dit opgelos word;
- watter siektes, peste en plae het voorgekom en hoe kan die bestryding daarvan verbeter word;
- kyk na die onkruidspektrum en hoe dit beter beheer kan word;
- neem die wagperiode van onkruiddoders in ag voordat sojabone aan 'n bepaalde land toegewys word.
- Neem verteenwoordigende grond monsters en opbrengskaarte en maak seker dat die resultate vroeg genoeg benut kan word om regstellings, indien enige, betyds te maak. Hierdie inligting sal ook die tydige aankoop van kunsmis en kalk bevorder. Neem in ag dat 1 ton sojaboon graan tot soveel as 100kg N, 8kg P en 40kg K en 6kg S verwyder met 'n water pH wat verkieslik bokant 6 moet wees.
- Cultivarkeuses moet gemaak word om saad betyds te bestel.
- Kies allereers die volwassenheidsgroep waaruit die cultivars moet kom en daarna die bepaalde stel cultivars. Hoe koeler die gebied hoe vinniger sal die verkose cultivar moet wees om die eerste ryp te ontsnap, of om in te pas by 'n laat aanplanting. Volwassenheidsgroepe val tussen 4 en 7 met 4 die kortste groeiers en 7 vir 'n warm lang produksieseisoen.
- Kies meer as een cultivar met verskillende groeiperiodes. Nie alleen sal dit die risiko versprei nie maar uit 'n praktiese oogpunt sal dit die stroopdatum versprei wat die druk op stroperaanwending verlig.
- Maak seker van spesifieke cultivareienskappe soos siekteverdraagsaamheid, peulhoogte (vir maklike stroopbaarheid) en veral aanbevole plantestand.
- Saadgrootte (Honderd saad massa) sal bepaal hoeveel saad per hektaar benodig word by 'n plantestand wat mag wissel tussen 250 000-400 000 plante per hektaar.
- Die keuse van 'n spesifieke cultivar vir 'n bepaalde gebied behoort gebaseer te word op soveel bronne van inligting as wat bekom kan word. Die Nasionale Cultivarproewe wat deur die LNR uitgevoer word is 'n goeie bron van basiese inligting, vul dit aan deur maatskappy inligting en studiegroepproewe.
Selekteer die beste land en pas wisselbou toe
- Sojabone behoort verkieslik op 'n diep goedgedreineerde grond met goeie waterhouvermoë geplant te word. Sojabone kan goed produseer op kleigronde maar kan ewe eens op sandgronde verbou word alhoewel knopwortelaalwurm 'n probleem mag skep.
- Beplan die gewasopvolging. Onthou wisselbou is 'n stelsel nie 'n toevallige besluit nie. Neem veral in ag dat mielies wat op sojabone volg in die meeste gevalle meer as 10 persent opbrengsverhoging toon.
- Wisselbou kan ook met koring suksesvol gedoen word.
Bewaringsbewerking
- Sou 'n produsent oorweeg om na bewaringsbewerking oor te skakel sal hy nou reeds alle aspekte in orde moet kry vir die verandering.
- pH regstel;
- Bemesting optimiseer veral fosfaat;
- Beperkende lae (grondverdigting) ophef;
- Verseker dat werktuie geskik is vir die nuwe stelsel, veral stoppelplanter(s) en spuit toerusting;
- Moenie oorskakel na bewaringsbewerking as stoppel op die land minder as 30 persent van die landoppervlakte bedek nie.
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- Evaluate the past production season on both the soybean land and on the land where soybeans are to be planted in the coming season. Be on the lookout for aspects such as:
- weak patches – determine why the patches are weak and how the problem can be resolved;
- which diseases and pests were problematic, and how control can be improved;
- the weed spectrum during the past season, and how control can be improved;
- take the waiting period for herbicides into consideration before planting soybeans in a specific area.
- Take representative soil samples and yield charts and ensure that the results are utilised timeously to effect corrective steps, if required. This information will also promote the timeous acquisition of fertiliser and lime. Take into account that a yield of 1 ton soybeans removes as much as 100kg N, 8kg P, 40kg K and 6kg S from the land. Water pH should preferably be ≥6.
- Cultivar choices should be made so that seed can be ordered well on time:
- First select the appropriate maturity group before deciding on specific cultivars. Fast growers should be selected in order to evade the first frosts in the cooler areas, or to fit in with a late planting. Maturity groups range from 4 to 7, with 4 being the shortest growing period and 7 for a long, warm production season.
- Choose more than one cultivar with different growing periods. This will not only spread the risk, but will also alleviate pressure at harvesting time as harvesting dates will be well spaced.
- Check cultivar characteristics such as disease tolerance, pod height (for easy harvesting) and take note of recommended plant density.
- Seed size (hundred seed mass) will determine the quantity of seed required per hectare, with a planting density that may vary between 250 000 and 400 000 plants per hectare.
- The choice of a specific cultivar for a specific area should be based on as many sources of information as possible. The results of the ARC's National Cultivar Trials are a good basic source of information. These results can be supplemented with information from seed companies and study groups.
Select the best land available and apply crop rotation:
- It is preferable to plant soybeans on deep, well-drained soil with good water retention capacity. Soybeans can produce well on clay soils, and can also be planted in sandy soils although root knot nematodes may cause problems.
- Plan the crop rotation system. Keep in mind that crop rotation is a system and not an accidental decision, and that a soybean:maize crop rotation system in most instances result in a 10% yield increase.
- A crop rotation system with wheat can also be successful.
Conservation agriculture
- Corrective measures need to be taken before switching to conservation agriculture. These include:
- correction of pH;
- optimising fertilisation, specifically phosphate;
- addressing soil compaction issues;
- making sure implements and tools are suitable for use in conservation agriculture practices, especially planters and spray equipment;
- do not switch to conservation agriculture if stubble on the land covers less than 30% of the soil surface.
